{"id":944,"date":"2025-12-14T03:54:16","date_gmt":"2025-12-14T08:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/?p=944"},"modified":"2025-12-14T03:56:16","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T08:56:16","slug":"who-own-the-federal-reserve-bank","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/who-own-the-federal-reserve-bank\/","title":{"rendered":"Who own the federal reserve bank?"},"content":{"rendered":"<body>\n<p>We had a debate on my youtube channel @herudaguru and this question came up. I asked chatgpt, and it gave me some good info. I decided to post it as an article or blog post. Enjoy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Federal Reserve Bank<\/strong> is often misunderstood, so here\u2019s the <strong>clean, legally accurate breakdown<\/strong>\u2014without myths or fluff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Short answer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>No one \u201cowns\u201d the Federal Reserve the way someone owns a private company.<\/strong><br>It is a <strong>hybrid public\u2013private system created by Congress<\/strong>, and <strong>Congress ultimately has authority over it<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How the Federal Reserve is structured<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>Created by Congress<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Established by the <strong>Federal Reserve Act of 1913<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Congress can <strong>amend, audit, or dissolve it<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its powers come <strong>only from U.S. law<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 That alone means it is <strong>not privately sovereign<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>Board of Governors (Public)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>7 members<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Appointed by the President<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Confirmed by the Senate<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Serve long terms (14 years) to reduce political pressure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Federal employees<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the <strong>top authority<\/strong> of the Fed system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>12 Regional Federal Reserve Banks (Quasi-public)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Federal Reserve Bank of New York<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These are where confusion starts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Member banks:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Commercial banks are <strong>required<\/strong> (or choose) to hold <strong>stock<\/strong> in their regional Fed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This stock:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cannot be sold<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cannot be traded<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Does not confer control<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pays a <strong>fixed, limited dividend<\/strong> (not profit-based)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 This is <strong>not ownership in the normal sense<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>Who controls policy?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Not private banks.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Monetary policy is set by the <strong>FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>7 Board of Governors (public)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5 regional Fed presidents (rotating)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Board of Governors always holds the majority vote<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where does the Fed\u2019s money go?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After operating costs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The vast majority of profits are returned to the U.S. Treasury<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In recent decades: <strong>trillions sent back to the government<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A private corporation would <strong>keep profits<\/strong> \u2014 the Fed does not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">So why do people say \u201cprivate bankers own the Fed\u201d?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Because:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The regional banks are legally structured like corporations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Member banks hold non-transferable \u201cstock\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The system is intentionally insulated from daily politics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It controls money creation (which triggers sovereignty concerns)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>This creates a <strong>real philosophical debate<\/strong>, but not legal private ownership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accurate summary (no spin)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Question<\/th><th>Answer<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Who owns the Fed?<\/td><td><strong>No private owner<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Is it federal?<\/td><td><strong>Yes, created &amp; governed by Congress<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Is it fully government-run?<\/td><td><strong>No, it\u2019s a hybrid system<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Do private banks control it?<\/td><td><strong>No<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Can Congress end or change it?<\/td><td><strong>Yes<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deeper truth (important)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The real debate isn\u2019t <em>ownership<\/em> \u2014 it\u2019s <strong>monetary sovereignty<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Who should control money creation:<br>elected government, independent technocrats, or markets?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>That debate goes back to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jefferson vs Hamilton<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jackson vs the Second Bank<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lincoln\u2019s Greenbacks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modern central banking<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want, I can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Break this down from an <strong>Indigenous sovereignty \/ treaty-law lens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compare the Fed to <strong>central banks globally<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Show <strong>how money is actually created today<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Or map <strong>who benefits vs who bears the cost<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Just tell me which angle you want next.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I had another follow up question\u2026. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">why was it really created and was it good. Who ultimately profits, and break down the following in chart and diagra,s Break this down from an Indigenous sovereignty \/ treaty-law lens Compare the Fed to central banks globally Show how money is actually created today Or map who benefits vs who bears the cost<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You\u2019re basically asking 4 big questions at once: <strong>why the Fed was created<\/strong>, <strong>whether it\u2019s been \u201cgood,\u201d<\/strong> <strong>who profits<\/strong>, and <strong>how this looks through sovereignty\/treaty law + globally + in today\u2019s money-creation mechanics<\/strong>. Here\u2019s a structured breakdown with charts + diagrams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) Why the Fed was <em>really<\/em> created<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stated purpose (in the law)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Federal Reserve Act\u2019s purpose (in plain English) was to create a system that could:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>provide an <strong>\u201celastic currency\u201d<\/strong> (money supply that can expand\/contract as needed),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>improve <strong>banking supervision<\/strong>, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reduce panic-driven collapses. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_Act?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia+1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The practical driver: repeated banking panics (especially 1907)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After the <strong>Panic of 1907<\/strong>, Congress concluded the U.S. couldn\u2019t keep relying on ad-hoc rescues by powerful private financiers. Congress passed the <strong>Aldrich-Vreeland Act (1908)<\/strong>, created the <strong>National Monetary Commission<\/strong>, studied European central banking, and that reform pipeline ultimately fed into the <strong>Federal Reserve Act (1913)<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/federal-reserve-act-signed?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve History+2Federal Reserve Bank of New York+2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Translation:<\/strong> it was built to stop \u201ccredit freezes\u201d and bank runs from repeatedly wrecking the economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) Was it \u201cgood\u201d? (depends what you measure)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A quick scorecard<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Goal<\/th><th>What improved<\/th><th>What problems remained \/ tradeoffs<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Stop bank panics<\/td><td>Fed created a standing \u201clender-of-last-resort\u201d framework; supervision improved over time. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/federal-reserve-history?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve History<\/a><\/td><td>The U.S. still had major crises (Great Depression, 2008, COVID-era shocks).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stabilize prices<\/td><td>Modern Fed targets inflation\/maximum employment via FOMC rate policy. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/fomc.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve<\/a><\/td><td>Tight policy can raise unemployment; loose policy can inflate assets.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Smooth the business cycle<\/td><td>Faster crisis tools (liquidity facilities, open market operations). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/fomc.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve<\/a><\/td><td>Policy can amplify inequality via asset channels (stocks\/housing).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Democratic accountability<\/td><td>Board of Governors (public officials) holds majority on FOMC. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/fomc.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve<\/a><\/td><td>Fed is insulated from elections by design, which many see as a legitimacy problem.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>So: <strong>good at preventing old-style 1800s-style \u201cno backstop\u201d banking collapses<\/strong>, but <strong>not a magic shield<\/strong>\u2014and the <em>distribution<\/em> of benefits\/costs is contentious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) Who ultimately profits?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where the Fed\u2019s \u201cprofits\u201d go (system-level)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>By law and practice, <strong>Federal Reserve Banks remit residual net earnings to the U.S. Treasury<\/strong> after costs\/dividends\/surplus limits. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\/h41\/current\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve+1<\/a><br>Historically, remittances were large (e.g., 2011\u20132021 over $920B per St. Louis Fed analysis), but in recent years remittances turned negative because high interest rates increased what the Fed pays on reserves relative to what it earns on older bonds. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/on-the-economy\/2023\/nov\/fed-remittances-treasury-explaining-deferred-asset?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis+1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cProfit\u201d vs \u201cbenefit\u201d are different<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Even if the Treasury receives net earnings in normal times, <strong>private actors can benefit strongly<\/strong> through:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Asset price channels<\/strong> (stocks, housing) when policy is easy,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Credit access<\/strong> when liquidity is abundant,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interest on reserves<\/strong> paid to banks and some institutions during certain regimes (a political flashpoint). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/finance\/feds-paper-losses-top-200-bln-mark-2024-10-03\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reuters+1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4) Charts + diagrams<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A) \u201cWho benefits vs who bears the cost\u201d map<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Policy channel<\/th><th>Likely beneficiaries<\/th><th>Likely cost-bearers<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lower rates \/ QE-like easing<\/td><td>Borrowers; asset holders; governments (cheaper borrowing)<\/td><td>Savers on fixed income; renters (if housing inflates)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Higher rates \/ tightening<\/td><td>Savers (higher yields); inflation fighters<\/td><td>Borrowers (mortgages\/loans); job seekers if unemployment rises<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crisis liquidity backstops<\/td><td>Financial system stability; firms that keep credit lines<\/td><td>Households if bailouts feel one-sided; small firms if credit still tight locally<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bank-created credit expansion<\/td><td>Banks (interest income); borrowers who qualify<\/td><td>Communities with weak banking access (credit deserts)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B) Money creation today (the real mechanism)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The modern reality: <strong>commercial bank lending creates deposits<\/strong>\u2014money is mostly created \u201cendogenously\u201d through credit creation, not by printing cash. This is explained very clearly by the Bank of England: banks don\u2019t simply lend out existing deposits; <strong>loans create deposits<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bankofengland.co.uk\/quarterly-bulletin\/2014\/q1\/money-creation-in-the-modern-economy?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bank of England+1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagram: how a bank loan creates money<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>(1) You sign a loan\n        |\n        v\n(2) Bank books:\n    Asset:  +Loan\n    Liability: +Deposit (your account)\n        |\n        v\n(3) New deposit spends into the economy\n        |\n        v\n(4) Bank later finds needed reserves\/liquidity\n    (payments system, interbank markets, central bank tools)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Central bank policy still matters because it sets the <strong>price of reserves \/ policy rate<\/strong> and influences incentives and constraints on lending, but it\u2019s not a simple \u201cmoney multiplier\u201d story. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bankofengland.co.uk\/quarterly-bulletin\/2014\/q1\/money-creation-in-the-modern-economy?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bank of England+1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5) Indigenous sovereignty \/ treaty-law lens<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Core legal frame<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Treaties are the \u201csupreme Law of the Land\u201d<\/strong> under Article VI. <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/constitution\/article-6\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Congress.gov+1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The U.S. recognizes a <strong>federal trust responsibility<\/strong> toward tribes (discussed by DOI\/BIA, and rooted in Supreme Court doctrine). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bia.gov\/faqs\/what-federal-indian-trust-responsibility?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indian Affairs+1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Foundational cases shaping federal\u2013tribal relations include <strong>Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)<\/strong> and <strong>Worcester v. Georgia (1832)<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/30\/1\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Justia Law+2{{meta.siteName}}+2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where the Fed intersects this reality (practically, not symbolically)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Even though treaties\/trust obligations are federal responsibilities, <strong>monetary policy affects the material ability to exercise sovereignty<\/strong>, because it shapes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>access to credit for housing, infrastructure, and enterprise,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the cost of capital for tribal governments and tribal businesses,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>community banking availability (many tribal communities are underserved by financial institutions). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/native-american-communities?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve History+1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagram: \u201cSovereignty \u2192 Capacity\u201d channel<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Treaty rights + self-government (legal sovereignty)\n                |\n                v\nCapacity to execute (roads, housing, courts, services)\n                |\n                v\nAccess to capital + stable banking relationships\n                |\n                v\nFed policy changes credit conditions nationwide\n(but unevenly\u2014credit deserts feel it more)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key Indigenous critique (in policy terms):<\/strong><br>If monetary tightening hits places that already face structural barriers to credit, it can function like a <em>de facto<\/em> constraint on self-determination\u2014without any formal treaty renegotiation\u2014because the constraint arrives through financial plumbing rather than overt legal action. The Fed itself has acknowledged patterns of under-service and barriers to credit in Native communities in historical\/community-focused writing. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/native-american-communities?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve History<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6) Comparing the Fed to central banks globally<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ownership \/ structure snapshot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Central bank<\/th><th>\u201cWho owns it?\u201d<\/th><th>Notes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>United States (Fed System)<\/strong><\/td><td>Regional Reserve Banks have member-bank \u201cstock,\u201d but policy is governed by the public Board + FOMC structure. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/fomc.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve+1<\/a><\/td><td>Hybrid design; profits usually remitted to Treasury. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\/h41\/current\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Reserve<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Euro Area (ECB)<\/strong><\/td><td>Owned by <strong>national central banks<\/strong> (NCBs) of EU states via a capital key. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/ecb\/orga\/capital\/html\/index.en.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European Central Bank+2Banco de Espa\u00f1a+2<\/a><\/td><td>Clear public-sector shareholder structure (NCBs).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Japan (BoJ)<\/strong><\/td><td>Government must hold <strong>at least 55%<\/strong> of capital; remaining shares trade OTC, with limited governance power. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bank_of_Japan?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/td><td>\u201cPartly privately held\u201d structurally, but operational independence is statutory.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!-- ========================= -->\n<!-- EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES & TOOLS -->\n<!-- ========================= -->\n<section class=\"s1l-blog-footer\">\n  <hr>\n\n  <h2>Learn More &amp; Take Action<\/h2>\n\n  <p>\n    Understanding money, credit, and financial systems is the first step toward\n    reclaiming economic power. 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class=\"subnav\">\n<\/div><\/header><\/body>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We had a debate on my youtube channel @herudaguru and this question came up. I asked chatgpt, and it gave me some good info. I decided to post it as an article or blog post. Enjoy. The Federal Reserve Bank is often misunderstood, so here\u2019s the clean, legally accurate breakdown\u2014without myths or fluff. Short answer &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/who-own-the-federal-reserve-bank\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Who own the federal reserve bank?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=944"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":947,"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/944\/revisions\/947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fixyourowncredit.studio1live.com\/downloads\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}